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The activities of cultural and artistic units in 2017
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In 2017 libraries lent, on average, 11 volumes to each active user1 , the same as in 2016;
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16 million persons visited museums and public collections, compared to 14 million persons in 2016;
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performing arts institutions and companies gave 23.5 thousand performances attended by 6.4 million spectators, compared to 22 thousand performances attended by 5.7 million spectators in 2016.
According to data provided by the National Institute of Statistics (INS), in 2017 the activities of the main cultural and artistic units included the activities of libraries, museums and public collections, performing arts and concert institutions and companies, publishing houses, film production, the activities of cinemas, as well as radio and TV broadcasting activities.
Library activities
The network of libraries in operation in 2017 was made up of approximately 10 thousand basic units and 103 branches, the same as in 2016.
The libraries put over 163 million volumes at the public’s disposal. In the urban area, 3,520 libraries and 97 branches of these libraries were in operation, with an overall stock of 124.7 million volumes (three quarters of the national book stock available in libraries), and, in the rural area, although the number of libraries was considerably higher than in the urban area (6,074 libraries and only 6 branches), the book stock was much lower, below 40 million volumes.
The number of active users exceeded 3.2 million persons in 2017, a decrease compared to 2016, when the number of active users exceeded 3.4 million persons. The distribution of the number of active users shows that school libraries (50.6%) and public libraries (38.1%) are predominant.
The number of volumes lent to the various users amounted to 35.8 million volumes in 2017, with an average of 11 volumes per user. The network of public libraries, accessible to the general public from all areas of the country and consisting of county, municipal, town and communal libraries, made available to the public 46 million volumes of printed books and periodicals; it contained, in own collections, 29.2 million titles of printed books and 37 thousand titles of electronic books.
In 2017, based on the number of inhabitants1 , there were, on average, 8.7 thousand inhabitants per public library. There were, on average, 2.3 volumes of public library collections per inhabitant, with 1.2 million active users benefitting from the services of these libraries.
To the population that attended public libraries 37.3 volumes were available, on average, per user.
The staff of libraries (school libraries are also included) amounted to 10,592 persons at the end of 2017, of which 91.3% were specialised staff.
Museum activities
In 2017 the network of museums and public collections included over 400 basic units. The number of cultural and natural goods at the end of 2017 amounted to over 18 million goods, an increase of 3 million compared to 2016.
Of the total number of goods exhibited by museums in 2017, 16.9 million were cultural goods and museum pieces and 1,244 thousand were plants and animals of botanical gardens, zoological gardens, aquaria and nature reserves.
The number of museum and public collection visitors recorded in 2017 was 15.9 million persons, an increase compared to 2016 (14.2 million persons); more than 600 thousand persons made visits free of charge during the “Night of Museums” in 2017.
The number of staff that worked in the museum network amounted to 6,989 persons, of which 52.3% were specialised staff.
The activities of performing arts and concert institutions and companies
The network of performing arts and concert institutions and companies included 230 units in 2017 (160 basic units and 70 branches) compared to 227 units in 2016 (167 basic units and 60 branches). Performing arts institutions and companies gave 23.5 thousand performances, attended by 6.4 million spectators.
According to the breakdown by type of performing arts institutions and companies, in 2017 the greatest number of spectators was recorded in theatres (42.0%) and in the shows given by artistic ensembles, dance and entertainment bands (32.2%).
The specialised staff of performing arts and concert institutions and companies amounted to 12,002 persons at the end of 2017, of which 60.2% had specialised artistic functions.
The activities of publishing houses
559 units that published newspapers and magazines operated in 2017, compared to 558 units in 2016. Of these, 255 publishing houses published (daily and non?daily) newspapers, 267 publishing houses published magazines and 37 publishing houses published both newspapers and magazines.
109 titles of printed daily newspapers and 172 titles of printed non?daily newspapers were published in 2017 by the 292 publishing houses that published newspapers. 147 titles of daily newspapers and 97 titles of non?daily newspapers were published online.
In 2017 the number of titles of periodicals (magazines) consisted of 1,646 titles of printed periodicals and 410 titles of online periodicals. In 2017 the employed staff of publishing houses amounted to 5,079 persons, of which three quarters were specialised staff.
Film production, cinema, radio and TV broadcasting activities
The national big screen film production2 in 2017 included 41 films: 28 fiction films (18 fiction films produced by Romania and 10 fiction films that were co?productions), 11 documentary and scientific films and two animation films.
According to the records of the National Film Centre, at the end of 2017 the cinema network3 included 90 normal?band cinema units (89 cinemas and a caravan), while in 2016 the records of the National Film Centre included 92 normal?band cinema units.
The cinema network had 385 film projection rooms and 72.1 thousand seats. 602.6 thousand film projections4 took place, attended by 13.9 milion spectators. 443 films were distributed in cinemas in 2017, of which 67 national films (or co?productions) and 376 foreign films, a decrease compared to 2016, when 505 films were distributed, of which 64 national films (or co?productions) and 441 foreign films.
Public radio stations5 broadcast 148.0 thousand hours (129.2 thousand broadcast hours for internal programmes and 18.8 thousand broadcast hours for external programmes), 6.4 thousand broadcast hours less than in 2016.
Public TV stations6 broadcast 52.6 thousand hours in 2017. Of the total broadcast hours, approximately 20% were event and information programmes, roughly 15% were art and culture programmes, and about 10% were news or entertainment programmes (each category).
The programmes provided in national minority languages amounted to 1,138 broadcast hours. In 2017 private radio and TV stations7 used the terrestrial and digital terrestrial systems, electronic communication (cable) networks and satellites for broadcasting. 522 private radio stations that terrestrialy broadcast 186.4 thousand days were in operation in 2017, of which 375 stations broadcast 133 thousand days of own programmes.
Two private TV stations broadcast programmes using the digital terrestrial system in 2017; a total number of 438 broadcast days was reached. A private radio station and 321 private TV stations that broadcast through electronic communication (cable) networks were in operation in 2017.
In 2017 satellite broadcasting was used by 21 private radio stations (7.6 thousand broadcast days) and 86 private TV stations (30.3 thousand broadcast days).